Gambling addiction, test anxiety and further study attitudes
Are the elderly happier? What are the benefits of early music education? What tools can be used to increase the credibility of scientific research? How does the teaching style of physical education teachers influence students' motivation? Recommended from the latest publications of the ELTE PPK instructors.
Tartalom
- Raising the value of research studies in psychological science by increasing the credibility of research reports: the transparent Psi project
- Interpersonal distance and autism
- Gambling addiction and mentalization difficulties
- Discrimination of Roma and wheelchair passengers on carpooling
- Families in the whirlwind of time
- Lifelong learning in public cultural institutions
- Examining the attitudes towards further education of students in the bachelor training programmes of higher education
- Self-reported interoception, worries and protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
- The effect of physical education teachers' teaching style on students' motivation
- Validity of a simple measurement of basic weightlifting skills
- Anxiety and heart rate in a real-life class test in undergraduates choosing real-time or prerecorded oral presentations
- The Turkish Version of the Exercise Addiction Inventory: Validity and Reliability
- Psychometric evaluation of the Italian Revised Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI-R) among Italian speaking exercisers: Confirmatory factor analysis
Raising the value of research studies in psychological science by increasing the credibility of research reports: the transparent Psi project
The low reproducibility rate in social sciences has produced hesitation among researchers in accepting published findings at their face value. Despite the advent of initiatives to increase transparency in research reporting, the field is still lacking tools to verify the credibility of research reports. In the present paper, we describe methodologies that let researchers craft highly credible research and allow their peers to verify this credibility. We demonstrate the application of these methods in a multi-laboratory replication of Bem's Experiment 1 (Bem 2011 J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 100, 407–425. (doi:10.1037/a0021524)) on extrasensory perception (ESP), which was co-designed by a consensus panel including both proponents and opponents of Bem's original hypothesis. In the study we applied direct data deposition in combination with born-open data and real-time research reports to extend transparency to protocol delivery and data collection. We also used piloting, checklists, laboratory logs and video-documented trial sessions to ascertain as-intended protocol delivery, and external research auditors to monitor research integrity. We found 49.89% successful guesses, while Bem reported 53.07% success rate, with the chance level being 50%. Thus, Bem's findings were not replicated in our study. In the paper, we discuss the implementation, feasibility and perceived usefulness of the credibility-enhancing methodologies used throughout the project.
Interpersonal distance and autism
The interpersonal distance (IPD) theory provides a novel approach to studying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this article, we present recent findings on the neurobiological underpinnings of IPD regulation that are distinct in individuals with ASD. We also discuss the potential influence of environmental factors on IPD. We suggest that different IPD regulation may have implications for cognitive performance in experimental and diagnostic settings, may influence the effectiveness of training and therapy, and may play a role in the typical forms of social communication and leisure activities chosen by autistic individuals. We argue that reconsidering the results of ASD research through the lens of IPD would lead to a different interpretation of previous findings. Finally, we propose a methodological approach to study this phenomenon systematically.
Gambling addiction and mentalization difficulties
The study, which spanned a period of about two years, distinguished four groups of young adult gamblers in Budapest based on the long-term development of gambling addiction and mentalization difficulties. Six percent of gamblers showed a long-term addiction risk and mentalization difficulties. This vulnerable group was also separated from other gamblers by the increased presence of sensory experience seeking and depression. In contrast, approximately two-thirds of gamblers were characterized by persistently low levels of gambling addiction symptoms and mentalizing difficulties. The other two groups also reported persistently low numbers of gambling addiction symptoms, but worsening mentalization difficulties in the long term. Among these individuals, there was no association in the long-term development of gambling addiction and mentalization difficulties.
Discrimination of Roma and wheelchair passengers on carpooling
This multimethod project investigates discrimination against members of two populous minority groups in the European Union: the Roma (numbering 6 million) and the disabled (numbering 100 million) on a leading Hungarian carpooling platform. In a field experiment, 1005 ride requests were sent to drivers, with passenger group membership (control, disabled, Roma) manipulated between participants. Widespread discrimination against both groups was apparent in significantly lower approval rates for disabled (56%) and Roma passengers (52%) relative to control (70%). Mechanisms driving anti-disabled and anti-Roma discrimination were probed using an experimental manipulation, natural language processing analysis of driver–passenger interactions, and an online survey (N = 398). Individuating information in the form of reviews did not mitigate unequal treatment, thus providing evidence against statistical (stereotype-based) discrimination. Militating against taste-based (attitudinal) discrimination, respondents reported negative attitudes toward Roma passengers but positive attitudes toward disabled passengers. Moreover, despite equivalent approval rates, disabled passengers were more likely to receive a response from drivers and received more polite responses than Roma passengers did. Overall, the observed patterns are most readily explained by intergroup emotions: Contempt toward Roma passengers likely engenders both passive and active harm, whereas pity toward disabled passengers likely engenders passive harm and active facilitation.
Families in the whirlwind of time
The book presents a new family theory, the central concept of which is the extended symbolic family. The new theory, based on the analysis of hundreds of interviews, summarizes the results of the author's nearly fifty years of multigenerational family research. In the transgenerational extended family, the experiences and experiences of many generations accumulate, and from these, as well as from the stories told and hidden in the memory of the extended family, specific patterns characteristic of the family are formed and perpetuated (cf. transgenerational traumas), which fundamentally influence the important decisions of the members of the following generations. . Patterns help or hinder adaptation to changes in social space and time, while they themselves shape the historical-social space occupied by the family. The understanding of the functioning of the extended symbolic family is aided by many interview excerpts, and at the end of the book, four interviews - a grandfather, his two daughters and his granddaughter talk about their family and their lives - illustrate everything that the reader has learned about in the previous chapters.
Boreczky, Á. (2022). Families in the Swirl of Time. The extended symbolic family. ELTE PPK
Lifelong learning in public cultural institutions
In the present study, we examine the opportunities for lifelong learning in public cultural institutions and community settings in Pest County. In the course of our theoretical overview, we will clarify the relevant concepts (formal, non-formal and informal learning, autonomous and cultural learning, volunteering) and theories, and then briefly review the role, place and opportunities of public cultural institutions and community settings in adult learning. Emphasis will be placed on the characteristics of youth relevant to the LLL approach and the developmental impact of volunteering on the individual. We briefly present the preliminary results of a questionnaire survey on the LLL activities of public cultural institutions and community centres in Pest County.
Examining the attitudes towards further education of students in the bachelor training programmes of higher education
The study analyzes how students' attitudes towards higher education and learning (quality of undergraduate education and performance in higher education), as well as the intention to meet labor market needs, influence their decision to continue their studies in a master's degree. Between 2019 and 2020, the authors conducted their research in Hungarian higher education, at seven universities, in order to determine the factors influencing the career decision, the level of students' satisfaction with the chosen major, their attitude to higher education and learning, their employment opportunities after obtaining the diploma, and that to what extent they make their decision according to their labor market orientation. The results showed that the respondents do not want to continue their studies because they do not want to work. It is primarily the acquisition of knowledge and motivation to learn that motivates students to stay in higher education. Furthermore, individual performance in undergraduate education has no impact on students' decision whether to study or work after graduation.
Self-reported interoception, worries and protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Correct protective behavior was essential in minimizing the spread of the virus during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It is a common scientific assumption that awareness of bodily sensations (also known as interoception) can improve decision-making and facilitate adaptive behavior. The research examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between different aspects of self-reported (i.e. measured by questionnaire) interoception, anxiety, COVID-related worry and health-protective behavior. The two data collection phases took place online, before and during the second wave of the Hungarian COVID-19 pandemic. Contrary to their expectations, the researchers found neither a cross-sectional nor a longitudinal correlation between the defensive behavior (based on self-report) and the indicators of interoception. However, initial anxiety levels predicted defensive behavior during the second wave. The results point to the adaptability of health-related concern in cases where the desired behavioral steps are known and feasible.
The effect of physical education teachers' teaching style on students' motivation
How active, motivated, and interested the students are during a lesson depends to a large extent on the teacher's personality, style, and above all, his teaching methods. This is especially true for the subject of physical education, where student work is mainly based on physical activity. Nowadays, the possibility of exercise in itself is no longer necessarily a motivating force for active participation in physical education classes, however, the style of educational and organizational processes (direct, indirect) can significantly influence, strengthen, or even weaken student motivation. The purpose of the research is to examine the effect of teacher-centered and student-centered physical education behavior on classroom activity and students' well-being.
For the research, we selected physical educators from Vas County who teach mainly teacher-centered and student-centered methods, with the help of the Magyar Diáksport Szövetség's questionnaire examining the teachers' teaching style. We examined the participating students in a total of twenty-four (12-12 per teaching profile) lessons. The students' physical performance was measured with a Polar Team Pro pulse measurment, which defines five different heart rate ranges and shows the time spent in them. In addition to the instrumental activity measurement, the students gave self-reported feedback on their estimated activity and perceived enjoyment in the given lesson on a scale from 1 to 4.
Validity of a simple measurement of basic weightlifting skills
The primary goal of the research presented in this study was to compile a simple measurement package and measurement protocol that does not require special measuring instruments, especially for the sport of weightlifting. The sample consisted of junior and adult elite competitors (n=10). The measurements were carried out in two test groups: 1, the instrumental tests with a high demand for instruments; 2, the non-instrumental tests without instruments. The results, in addition to the important role of strength and muscle mass, prove the importance of the mobility of the ankle joint in weight lifting. We also verified the compatibility of non-instrumental and instrumental tests. This showed that the most important parameters in weightlifting efficiency can be measured well with simple tests that do not require instruments, so the possibility of measurement is also available to less well-equipped associations, either to test abilities specific to the sport or during selection.
Pólya, M., Laki, Á., & H. Ekler, J. (2023). A súlyemeléshez szükséges alapvető képességek egyszerű mérésének validitása. MAGYAR EDZŐ: MÓDSZERTANI ÉS TOVÁBBKÉPZŐ FOLYÓIRAT, 2023(2), 48–51.
Anxiety and heart rate in a real-life class test in undergraduates choosing real-time or prerecorded oral presentations
Most studies on acute stress stem from works conducted under artificial laboratory conditions. Inducing stress for experimental scrutiny is problematic and can be unethical. In this study, a ‘research methods’ course’s curriculum included a demonstration study testing anxiety and heart rate responses to the midterm test. Fifty-four university students (35 males and 19 females) presented a research topic in-person (n = 14) or prerecorded while being present (n = 40). Students selected a test format they could change until the week before the midterm test. The measures were trait anxiety, test anxiety, state anxiety, heart rate (HR), the last two being measured before and after examination, and grades. All students manifested decreased state anxiety and increased HR from before to after the test. Females exhibited higher HR and state anxiety than males. Real-time presentations were associated with higher HRs but not higher state anxiety. Those who changed their planned presentation mode from in-person to prerecorded exhibited higher test anxiety but not trait anxiety than those who presented as planned. Students who presented in-person obtained lower grades than those who prerecorded their presentations. Grades were negatively correlated with state anxiety after the test, but test anxiety did not significantly mediate the grades. Pre-test state anxiety was positively associated with both trait anxiety and test anxiety. The findings suggest that test anxiety is unlikely to affect grades, but test-anxious students need more control over academic evaluation. A choice in test format could be helpful in this regard.
The Turkish Version of the Exercise Addiction Inventory: Validity and Reliability
Exercise addiction is a growing area of research interest, and many psychometric scales have been devel- oped for its measurement. One of the most widely used instruments is the Exercise Addiction Inventory, which has been translated and validated in several languages but not in Turkish. Therefore, the present study aimed to translate and validate the Exercise Addiction Inventory into Turkish for promoting exercise addiction research in Turkiye. The sample comprised 665 university students with ages ranging from 17 to 47 years [491 females and 174 males; Mage = 21.23 years, standard deviation = 3.16]. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-dimensional structure of the scale (χ2/df = 2.98, [Goodness of Fit Index] GFI = 0.98, [Comparative Fit Index] CFI = 0.98, [Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index] AGFI = 0.96, [Root Mean Square Error of Approximation] RMSEA = 0.05). The scale’s reliability was very good in terms of both the omega coefficient (0.81) and alpha coefficient (0.80). The Turkish Exercise Addiction Inventory showed good concurrent reliability with the Exercise Addiction Scale and Sport Engagement Scale. These findings sug- gest that the Turkish Exercise Addiction Inventory is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing exercise addiction among Turkish university students.
Psychometric evaluation of the Italian Revised Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI-R) among Italian speaking exercisers: Confirmatory factor analysis
The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) is a valid and reliable instrument and has been used in numerous contexts and research studies. The EAI was recently revised (EAI-R), but the psychometric properties of the EAI-R have yet to be examined in an Italian context. Therefore, the present study aimed to validate the EAI-R among Italian-speaking exercisers. Methods: The sample comprised 200 Italian-speaking exercisers comprised (62% females, 48% male; mean age = 35 years, SD±11.42), who completed a survey including the EAI-R, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed the EAI-R had good psychometric characteristics (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) and confirmed the scale’s unidimensional properties. Scores on the EAI-R were positively correlated with EDS-R scores, the number of weekly hours of exercise, and DASS-21 scores. Conversely, EAI-R scores were negatively correlated with the RSES scores and age. Conclusion: The EAI-R is a psychometrically reliable and valid measure for assessing the risk of exercise addiction among Italian adults. The study expands the literature on exercise addiction and demonstrates important associational factors in the Italian context.